新研究发现常饮咖啡可降低患黑色素瘤的风险

咖啡被证实的益处越来越多，在过去的几年中饮用咖啡对多数病痛包括从2型糖尿病到老年痴呆症等的治疗作用已被证明有效。耶鲁大学公共卫生学院科学家们的一项研究表明咖啡对黑色素瘤的预防也具有一定的效果。

2014年超过75000例新病例被诊断为恶性黑色素瘤。在美国恶性黑色素瘤已在癌症排行榜中名列第七，而且只有该病的发病率在逐年上升(且每年以近2%的速率上升)。

这项研究发表在《美国国家癌症研究所》杂志上，本研究的数据来自1995年和1996年之间，大约450000名白人老年人的相关使用食物史被问卷调查,参与者平均受访时间为10年。所有的受访者在研究开始时都没有癌症，研究人员根据被调查者的住宅环境紫外线照射,体重指数、年龄、性别、体力活动水平,饮酒和吸烟史等来调整数据。

耶鲁研究团队观察到一种趋势就是增加咖啡摄入量就会产生更多的人体保护作用。“我们发现,每天喝四杯咖啡的人患恶性黑素瘤的风险降低了约20%。”Erikka Loftfield说。

有趣的是,有数据显示咖啡中咖啡因含量与对人体保护作用有一个明显的相关性,而这种保护作用在脱咖啡因的咖啡中没有观察到。此外,这种保护作用只对恶性黑色素瘤有效，对原位黑色素瘤无用,这其中可能是由不同的病理原因造成的。

研究人员谨慎指出,这个结果是初步的,不一定适用于其他人群。然而,他们得出结论说,“由于其高度的疾病负担,生活方式的改变可能对黑色素瘤发病率有一定影响。增加对黑色素瘤患者咖啡摄入量及其成分的调查,尤其是咖啡因的研究是很有必要的。”（转化医学网360zhyx.com）

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原文：

The list of coffee’s beneficial attributes has grown. Over the past several years the protective effects of consuming the dark brew has been shown for vast array of aliments, from type 2 diabetes to Alzheimer’s disease.  A new study from scientists at Yale University School of Public Health has now added melanoma to the ever expanding list of aliments that coffee benefits.

More than 75,000 new cases of melanoma were diagnosed in 2014. It ranks seventh among the most common cancers in the U.S. and is the only one whose incidence is rising (almost 2% annually).

Data for this study was taken from approximately 450,000 white seniors who were administered a food frequency questionnaire between 1995 and 1996, with participants being followed for a median average of 10 years. All of the respondents were cancer free at the beginning of the study and the investigators adjusted the data for ambient residential UV exposure, body mass index, age, sex, physical activity levels, alcohol intake, and smoking history.

The Yale team observed a trend toward greater protection with increased intake. "We found that four or more cups of coffee per day was associated with about a 20% reduced risk of malignant melanoma," lead author Erikka Loftfield told NewsMax.

Interestingly, there was a statistically significant protection associated with caffeinated coffee that was not observed with the decaf brew. Furthermore, that protection only extended to malignant melanoma and not melanoma in situ, which may have a different pathology.

The researchers did warrant caution in over interpretation and pointed out that the results are preliminary and not necessarily applicable to other populations.  However, they conclude that   “Because of its high disease burden, lifestyle modifications with even modest protective effects may have a meaningful impact on melanoma morbidity. Additional investigations of coffee intake and its constituents, particularly caffeine, with melanoma are warranted.”