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腾讯登录Cell：3D超分辨率“电影”揭示细胞如何完成胞吞作用
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近日，来自欧洲分子生物学实验室的研究者通过将两种不同类型的显微技术结合起来开发出了“3D电影技术”来观察细胞如何内吞营养物以及其它分子。相关研究刊登在了近日的国际杂志<em>Cell</em>上。
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细胞这种“吞咽作用”称为细胞吞噬现象，是细胞完成的至关重要的任务。这个过程可以被许多病毒“劫持”，从而使得病毒达到侵染宿主细胞的目的。当细胞准备吞咽一些分子的时候，细胞膜表面会产生凹陷，逐渐地向内扩张，挤压断裂形成小包或者膜泡，从而将分子转移入细胞内部。
为了研究细胞如何牵引细胞膜并且形成小囊泡的，研究者基于光学显微镜和高分辨率显微镜技术开发了一种方法，这种新方法可以使研究者结合两组数据来分析细胞是如何完成这个过程的。研究者发现第一个蛋白质达到细胞膜内部并不能够使得细胞膜回折，直到细胞支架蛋白-肌动蛋白网络形成以后才会开始弯折。
后期研究者将为这个过程中的蛋白质进行标记，通过打乱这些蛋白质研究者希望延伸一下当前的工作。
编译自：<a title="" href="http://phys.org/news/2012-08-3d-movie-ultraresolution-cells-machinery.html" target="_blank">3D movie at 'ultraresolution' shows how cell’s machinery bends membrane inwards</a>
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<img src="http://www.bioon.com/biology/UploadFiles/201208/2012080523121600.jpg" alt="" width="113" height="149" border="0" />
<a title="" href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.046" target="_blank">doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.046</a>
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<br/><strong>Plasma Membrane Reshaping during Endocytosis Is Revealed by Time-Resolved Electron Tomography</strong><br/>
Wanda Kukulski, Martin Schorb, Marko Kaksonen, John A.G. Briggs
Endocytosis, like many dynamic cellular processes, requires precise temporal and spatial orchestration of complex protein machinery to mediate membrane budding. To understand how this machinery works, we directly correlated fluorescence microscopy of key protein pairs with electron tomography. We systematically located 211 endocytic intermediates, assigned each to a specific time window in endocytosis, and reconstructed their ultrastructure in 3D. The resulting virtual ultrastructural movie defines the protein-mediated membrane shape changes during endocytosis in budding yeast. It reveals that clathrin is recruited to flat membranes and does not initiate curvature. Instead, membrane invagination begins upon actin network assembly followed by amphiphysin binding to parallel membrane segments, which promotes elongation of the invagination into a tubule. Scission occurs on average 9 s after initial bending when invaginations are ∼100 nm deep, releasing nonspherical vesicles with 6,400 nm2 mean surface area. Direct correlation of protein dynamics with ultrastructure provides a quantitative 4D resource.
<br/>来源：生物谷
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近日，来自欧洲分子生物学实验室的研究者通过将两种不同类型的显微技术结合起来开发出了“3D电影技术”来观察细胞如何内吞营养物以及其它分子。相关研究刊登在了近日的国际杂志<em>Cell</em>上。
<!--more-->
细胞这种“吞咽作用”称为细胞吞噬现象，是细胞完成的至关重要的任务。这个过程可以被许多病毒“劫持”，从而使得病毒达到侵染宿主细胞的目的。当细胞准备吞咽一些分子的时候，细胞膜表面会产生凹陷，逐渐地向内扩张，挤压断裂形成小包或者膜泡，从而将分子转移入细胞内部。
为了研究细胞如何牵引细胞膜并且形成小囊泡的，研究者基于光学显微镜和高分辨率显微镜技术开发了一种方法，这种新方法可以使研究者结合两组数据来分析细胞是如何完成这个过程的。研究者发现第一个蛋白质达到细胞膜内部并不能够使得细胞膜回折，直到细胞支架蛋白-肌动蛋白网络形成以后才会开始弯折。
后期研究者将为这个过程中的蛋白质进行标记，通过打乱这些蛋白质研究者希望延伸一下当前的工作。
编译自：<a title="" href="http://phys.org/news/2012-08-3d-movie-ultraresolution-cells-machinery.html" target="_blank">3D movie at 'ultraresolution' shows how cell’s machinery bends membrane inwards</a>
<div id="ztload">
<div> </div>
<div>
<div>
<img src="http://www.bioon.com/biology/UploadFiles/201208/2012080523121600.jpg" alt="" width="113" height="149" border="0" />
<a title="" href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.046" target="_blank">doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.046</a>
PMC:
PMID:
</div>
<div>
<br/><strong>Plasma Membrane Reshaping during Endocytosis Is Revealed by Time-Resolved Electron Tomography</strong><br/>
Wanda Kukulski, Martin Schorb, Marko Kaksonen, John A.G. Briggs
Endocytosis, like many dynamic cellular processes, requires precise temporal and spatial orchestration of complex protein machinery to mediate membrane budding. To understand how this machinery works, we directly correlated fluorescence microscopy of key protein pairs with electron tomography. We systematically located 211 endocytic intermediates, assigned each to a specific time window in endocytosis, and reconstructed their ultrastructure in 3D. The resulting virtual ultrastructural movie defines the protein-mediated membrane shape changes during endocytosis in budding yeast. It reveals that clathrin is recruited to flat membranes and does not initiate curvature. Instead, membrane invagination begins upon actin network assembly followed by amphiphysin binding to parallel membrane segments, which promotes elongation of the invagination into a tubule. Scission occurs on average 9 s after initial bending when invaginations are ∼100 nm deep, releasing nonspherical vesicles with 6,400 nm2 mean surface area. Direct correlation of protein dynamics with ultrastructure provides a quantitative 4D resource.
<br/>来源：生物谷
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