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Cir. Res:microRNA可变疤痕组织为心肌细胞

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4月26日出版的美国心脏协会会刊《循环研究》(<em>Circulation Research</em>)报道,美国科学家不借助干细胞移植过程,而使用名为微核糖核酸(microRNA)的分子,在实验室器皿中首次将实验鼠心脏病发作后留下的疤痕组织变成心肌细胞。最新研究一旦在人类身上试验成功,将有助于科学家们研发出新的心脏衰竭疗法。

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为了开启该心肌组织再生过程,杜克大学医学教授维克多·祖领导的科研团队使用了微核糖核酸,这种分子可以扮演主调节器的角色,控制多个基因的活动。他们采用一种特定的组合形式,将微核糖核酸递入名为纤维原细胞(心脏病发作后,纤维原细胞会发育并损害组织的泵血能力)的疤痕组织细胞中。
 
一旦将微核糖核酸分子部署好,它们就会对纤维原细胞进行重新编程,让其变成与心肌细胞类似的细胞。科学家们不仅在实验室证明了这一概念可行,而且也证明这种细胞转化能在老鼠体内发生,而这一点对再生医学成为一种有潜力的治疗方法非常重要。
 
科学家们表示,新过程更加简单,而且应用潜力巨大。如果接下来的实验证明这一过程对人体细胞也适用,将有助于科学家们研制出新疗法,让全球2300万心脏衰竭患者和其他患者受益。
 
祖表示:“最新研究在治疗疾病方面非常重要。如果人们可以在心脏内做到这一点,那么也可以在大脑、肾脏和其他组织内做到这一点,这是一种全新的组织再生方式。”
 
该研究的合作者、心脏病学助理教授马里亚·米热特叟说:“我们能使用微核糖核酸在心脏内完成这种组织转化,与使用遗传方法或干细胞移植相比,在研发出心脏病疗法方面,这一过程可能更加实用。”
 
米热特叟解释道,与遗传方法或干细胞移植相比,使用微核糖核酸进行组织再生有几个潜在优势。首先,前两种办法在身体内很难管理;而更为重要的是,微核糖核酸过程消除了遗传更改等技术难题,也避免了干细胞移植会产生的伦理争议。
 
该研究的第一作者提兰斯·贾亚瓦迪那表示:“对于重组科学研究来说,这是一个非常重要的发现。我们都想知道可以掌控一个细胞的命运对我们来说意味着什么。我们相信我们能做到这一点,而且,它也拥有很大的潜力。”
 
科学家们将在更大的动物身上测试这一方法。祖表示,如果在更大的动物和人身上进行的实验也取得成功的话,治疗方法有望于10年内问世。(<a href="http://www.bioon.com/" target="_blank">生物谷</a>Bioon.com)
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<a title="" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ CIRCRESAHA.112.269035" target="_blank">doi:10.1161/?CIRCRESAHA.112.269035</a>
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<br/><strong>MicroRNA-Mediated In Vitro and In Vivo Direct Reprogramming of Cardiac Fibroblasts to Cardiomyocytes</strong><br/>


Tilanthi M. Jayawardena, Bakytbek Egemnazarov, Elizabeth A. Finch, Lunan Zhang, J. Alan Payne, Kumar Pandya, Zhiping Zhang, Paul Rosenberg, Maria Mirotsou, Victor J. Dzau 

Rationale: Repopulation of the injured heart with new, functional cardiomyocytes remains a daunting challenge for cardiac regenerative medicine. An ideal therapeutic approach would involve an effective method at achieving direct conversion of injured areas to functional tissue in situ. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a strategy that identified and evaluated the potential of specific micro (mi)RNAs capable of inducing reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts directly to cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results: Using a combinatorial strategy, we identified a combination of <a href="http://www.bioon.com.cn/reagent/list.asp?sortid=20" target="_blank">miRNA</a>s 1, 133, 208, and 499 capable of inducing direct cellular reprogramming of fibroblasts to cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro. Detailed studies of the reprogrammed cells demonstrated that a single transient transfection of the miRNAs can direct a switch in cell fate as documented by expression of mature cardiomyocyte markers, sarcomeric organization, and exhibition of spontaneous calcium flux characteristic of a cardiomyocyte-like <a href="http://www.biodic.cn/search.asp?txtitle=phenotype" target="_blank">phenotype</a>. Interestingly, we also found that miRNA-mediated reprogramming was enhanced 10-fold on JAK inhibitor I treatment. Importantly, administration of miRNAs into ischemic mouse myocardium resulted in evidence of direct conversion of cardiac fibroblasts to cardiomyocytes in situ. Genetic tracing analysis using Fsp1Cre-traced fibroblasts from both cardiac and noncardiac cell sources strongly suggests that induced cells are most likely of fibroblastic origin. Conclusions: The findings from this study provide proof-of-concept that miRNAs have the capability of directly converting fibroblasts to a cardiomyocyte-like <a href="http://www.biodic.cn/search.asp?txtitle=phenotype" target="_blank">phenotype</a> in vitro. Also of significance is that this is the first report of direct cardiac reprogramming in vivo. Our approach may have broad and important implications for therapeutic tissue regeneration in general.

<br/>来源:科技日报

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