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腾讯登录Nat Immunol：揭示TGF-β信号阻止自然杀伤细胞生长机制
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人们一直认为，就像走路和说话一样，当婴儿长大时，他们也逐渐产生抵抗病毒感染的能力。但是来自美国密歇根大学健康系统的研究人员提出，婴儿对抗感染的自然能力在早期就已经产生了。
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科学家们了解到在生命初期，关键性细胞信号抑制至关重要的免疫细胞产生。根据一篇提前发表在<em>Nature Immunology</em>期刊上的一篇研究论文，阻断这种信号能够提高婴儿抵抗感染的能力。在婴儿年幼时，自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell)像很多其他免疫细胞一样，直到他们进入成年时才能够完成成熟并充分发挥出它们的功能。在这期间，婴儿的免疫系统是不成熟的，而不能保护他们抵抗感染，这也是为什么新生儿和婴儿更容易被感染的原因。
在这项研究中，密歇根大学研究人员证实转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor beta, TGF-β)所起的作用能够解释其中的原因。在研究中，他们发现自然杀伤细胞的产生是受TGF-β控制着的，其中TGF-β在骨髓中产生。在幼鼠中，当TGF-β信号缺失时，自然杀伤细胞的成熟更加快速地进行。到成年时，如果TGF-β信号被阻断的话，小鼠拥有的自然杀伤细胞数量增加了10多倍。而且当TGF-β信号被阻断时，自然杀伤细胞在小鼠出生10天后就能够完成成熟。
本文编译自<a href="http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-08-infants-sick-reveal-cell-growth.html" target="_blank">Why do infants get sick so often? Researchers reveal cell signaling prevents growth of essential immune cells</a>
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<a title="" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.2388" target="_blank">doi: 10.1038/ni.2388</a>
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<br/><strong>TGF-β is responsible for NK cell immaturity during ontogeny and increased susceptibility to infection during mouse infancy</strong><br/>
Jeffrey P Marcoe, James R Lim, Keri L Schaubert, Nassima Fodil-Cornu, Marsel Matka, Alexandra L McCubbrey, Alexander R Farr, Silvia M Vidal & Yasmina Laouar
A large gap in our understanding of infant immunity is why natural killer (NK) cell responses are deficient, which makes infants more prone to viral infection. Here we demonstrate that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was responsible for NK cell immaturity during infancy. We found more fully mature NK cells in CD11cdnR mice, whose NK cells lack TGF-β receptor (TGF-βR) signaling. Ontogenic maturation of NK cells progressed faster in the absence of TGF-β signaling, which results in the formation of a mature NK cell pool early in life. As a consequence, infant CD11cdnR mice efficiently controlled viral infections. These data thus demonstrate an unprecedented role for TGF-β in ontogeny that can explain why NK cell responses are deficient early in life.
<br/>来源：生物谷
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人们一直认为，就像走路和说话一样，当婴儿长大时，他们也逐渐产生抵抗病毒感染的能力。但是来自美国密歇根大学健康系统的研究人员提出，婴儿对抗感染的自然能力在早期就已经产生了。
<!--more-->
科学家们了解到在生命初期，关键性细胞信号抑制至关重要的免疫细胞产生。根据一篇提前发表在<em>Nature Immunology</em>期刊上的一篇研究论文，阻断这种信号能够提高婴儿抵抗感染的能力。在婴儿年幼时，自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell)像很多其他免疫细胞一样，直到他们进入成年时才能够完成成熟并充分发挥出它们的功能。在这期间，婴儿的免疫系统是不成熟的，而不能保护他们抵抗感染，这也是为什么新生儿和婴儿更容易被感染的原因。
在这项研究中，密歇根大学研究人员证实转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor beta, TGF-β)所起的作用能够解释其中的原因。在研究中，他们发现自然杀伤细胞的产生是受TGF-β控制着的，其中TGF-β在骨髓中产生。在幼鼠中，当TGF-β信号缺失时，自然杀伤细胞的成熟更加快速地进行。到成年时，如果TGF-β信号被阻断的话，小鼠拥有的自然杀伤细胞数量增加了10多倍。而且当TGF-β信号被阻断时，自然杀伤细胞在小鼠出生10天后就能够完成成熟。
本文编译自<a href="http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-08-infants-sick-reveal-cell-growth.html" target="_blank">Why do infants get sick so often? Researchers reveal cell signaling prevents growth of essential immune cells</a>
<div id="ztload">
<div> </div>
<div>
<div>
<img src="http://www.bioon.com/biology/UploadFiles/201208/2012080814415998.gif" alt="" width="113" height="149" border="0" />
<a title="" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.2388" target="_blank">doi: 10.1038/ni.2388</a>
PMC:
PMID:
</div>
<div>
<br/><strong>TGF-β is responsible for NK cell immaturity during ontogeny and increased susceptibility to infection during mouse infancy</strong><br/>
Jeffrey P Marcoe, James R Lim, Keri L Schaubert, Nassima Fodil-Cornu, Marsel Matka, Alexandra L McCubbrey, Alexander R Farr, Silvia M Vidal & Yasmina Laouar
A large gap in our understanding of infant immunity is why natural killer (NK) cell responses are deficient, which makes infants more prone to viral infection. Here we demonstrate that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was responsible for NK cell immaturity during infancy. We found more fully mature NK cells in CD11cdnR mice, whose NK cells lack TGF-β receptor (TGF-βR) signaling. Ontogenic maturation of NK cells progressed faster in the absence of TGF-β signaling, which results in the formation of a mature NK cell pool early in life. As a consequence, infant CD11cdnR mice efficiently controlled viral infections. These data thus demonstrate an unprecedented role for TGF-β in ontogeny that can explain why NK cell responses are deficient early in life.
<br/>来源：生物谷
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