Obes Rev：果糖和人工甜味剂改变胃肠道菌群

根据一项发表在<em>Obesity Reviews</em>期刊上的研究，高摄入果糖、人工甜味剂和糖醇会影响宿主和胃肠道微生物之间的相互作用，并且可能促进代谢性疾病和肥胖症产生。

来自瑞士苏黎世市食物、营养与健康研究所的Amanda N. Payne博士和同事们对现有文献进行综合性回顾从而能够研究宿主-微生物相互作用如何能够促进代谢性疾病和肥胖症产生。

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研究人员发现富含果糖和人工甜味剂的西方饮食因多样性减少而导致胃肠道菌群多样性丢失，最终导致“西方”的胃肠道微生物组(microbiome)站稳脚跟。这种适应性代谢为宿主产生额外的代谢活性，从而可能改变能量调节、肠道转运时间，并提高饮食能量提取能力。这些变化可能能够被免疫系统所检测到，从而导致肠道炎症，并随后导致内毒素血症(endotoxemia)产生。

研究人员在文中写道，“毫无置疑，这些过程结合起来能够导致很多与肥胖症相关联的代谢性疾病产生。总之，我们建议通过再次引入一种平衡的多样性饮食来促进肠道稳态(intestinal homeostasis)，就可能预防和阻止肥胖症。”
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<a title="" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01009.x" target="_blank">doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01009.x</a>
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<br/><strong>Gut microbial adaptation to dietary consumption of fructose, artificial sweeteners and sugar alcohols: implications for host–microbe interactions contributing to obesity</strong><br/>


A. N. Payne, C. Chassard, C. Lacroix

The Western diet, comprised of highly refined carbohydrates and fat but reduced complex plant polysaccharides, has been attributed to the prevalence of obesity. A concomitant rise in the consumption of fructose and sugar substitutes such as sugar alcohols, artificial sweeteners, even rare sugars, has mirrored this trend, as both probable contributor and solution to the epidemic. Acknowledgement of the gut microbiota as a factor involved in obesity has sparked much controversy as to the cause and consequence of this relationship. Dietary intakes are a known modulator of gut microbial phylogeny and metabolic activity, frequently exploited to stimulate beneficial bacteria, promoting health benefits. Comparably little research exists on the impact of ‘unconscious’ dietary modulation on the resident commensal community mediated by increased fructose and sugar substitute consumption. This review highlights mechanisms of potential host and gut microbial fructose and sugar substitute metabolism. Evidence is presented suggesting these sugar compounds, particularly fructose, condition the microbiota, resulting in acquisition of a westernized microbiome with altered metabolic capacity. Disturbances in host–microbe interactions resulting from fructose consumption are also explored.

<br/>来源：生物谷

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