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腾讯登录PLoS Biol.：艾滋病病毒在体内传播有"帮凶"
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西班牙科学家参与的一项新研究发现，一种分子在纵容艾滋病病毒在人体内传播过程中充当了“帮凶”。这一发现有助于开发阻止艾滋病病毒扩散的药物。
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西班牙加泰罗尼亚高级化学研究所和德国海德堡大学等机构的研究人员发现，艾滋病病毒外壳表面的神经节苷酯分子是使病毒侵入人体树突状细胞、进而在体内传播的“帮凶”。进一步实验证实，构造相似但不含这种分子的人造病毒样颗粒无法进入树突状细胞。他们据此认为，去除神经节苷酯将有效抑制艾滋病病毒扩散。
研究人员介绍，树突状细胞平日在人体各组织内“巡逻”，捕捉病原体“入侵者”并将其粉碎，把“样本”送入淋巴组织，启动相关免疫反应。但对于艾滋病病毒，由于神经节苷酯的存在，树突状细胞无法将其分割，因此病毒得以完整侵入免疫系统，这等于给免疫系统放置了一个允许艾滋病病毒自由出入的“特洛伊木马”。一旦进入淋巴，艾滋病病毒便将杀死人体的免疫细胞。
研究人员在新一期网络科学杂志《科学公共图书馆》上说，未来有望据此开发组织艾滋病病毒蔓延的新药物，配合常用的“鸡尾酒疗法”共同打击艾滋病病毒。不过由于需要进行完整的临床试验，新药物的研制和投放市场至少还需十几年。
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<a title="" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001315" target="_blank">doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001315</a>
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<br/><strong>Sialyllactose in Viral Membrane Gangliosides Is a Novel Molecular Recognition Pattern for Mature Dendritic Cell Capture of HIV-1</strong><br/>
Nuria Izquierdo-Useros, Maier Lorizate, F.-Xabier Contreras, Maria T. Rodriguez-Plata, Bärbel Glass, Itziar Erkizia, Julia G. Prado, Josefina Casas, Gemma Fabriàs, Hans-Georg Kräusslich, Javier Martinez-Picado
HIV-1 is internalized into mature dendritic cells (mDCs) via an as yet undefined mechanism with subsequent transfer of stored, infectious virus to CD4+ T lymphocytes. Thus, HIV-1 subverts a DC antigen capture mechanism to promote viral spread. Here, we show that gangliosides in the HIV-1 membrane are the key molecules for mDC uptake. HIV-1 virus-like particles and liposomes mimicking the HIV-1 lipid composition were shown to use a common internalization pathway and the same trafficking route within mDCs. Hence, these results demonstrate that gangliosides can act as viral attachment factors, in addition to their well known function as cellular receptors for certain viruses. Furthermore, the sialyllactose molecule present in specific gangliosides was identified as the determinant moiety for mDC HIV-1 uptake. Thus, sialyllactose represents a novel molecular recognition pattern for mDC capture, and may be crucial both for antigen presentation leading to immunity against pathogens and for succumbing to subversion by HIV-1.
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<div><br/>来源：新华网</div>
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<p align="center"><img src="http://www.bioon.com/biology/UploadFiles/201204/2012042715261326.jpg" alt="" width="291" height="190" border="0" /></p>
西班牙科学家参与的一项新研究发现，一种分子在纵容艾滋病病毒在人体内传播过程中充当了“帮凶”。这一发现有助于开发阻止艾滋病病毒扩散的药物。
<!--more-->
西班牙加泰罗尼亚高级化学研究所和德国海德堡大学等机构的研究人员发现，艾滋病病毒外壳表面的神经节苷酯分子是使病毒侵入人体树突状细胞、进而在体内传播的“帮凶”。进一步实验证实，构造相似但不含这种分子的人造病毒样颗粒无法进入树突状细胞。他们据此认为，去除神经节苷酯将有效抑制艾滋病病毒扩散。
研究人员介绍，树突状细胞平日在人体各组织内“巡逻”，捕捉病原体“入侵者”并将其粉碎，把“样本”送入淋巴组织，启动相关免疫反应。但对于艾滋病病毒，由于神经节苷酯的存在，树突状细胞无法将其分割，因此病毒得以完整侵入免疫系统，这等于给免疫系统放置了一个允许艾滋病病毒自由出入的“特洛伊木马”。一旦进入淋巴，艾滋病病毒便将杀死人体的免疫细胞。
研究人员在新一期网络科学杂志《科学公共图书馆》上说，未来有望据此开发组织艾滋病病毒蔓延的新药物，配合常用的“鸡尾酒疗法”共同打击艾滋病病毒。不过由于需要进行完整的临床试验，新药物的研制和投放市场至少还需十几年。
<img src="http://www.bioon.com/biology/UploadFiles/201202/2012021512451288.jpg" alt="" width="113" height="149" border="0" />
<div id="ztload">
<div>
<div>
<a title="" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001315" target="_blank">doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001315</a>
PMC:
PMID:
</div>
<div>
<br/><strong>Sialyllactose in Viral Membrane Gangliosides Is a Novel Molecular Recognition Pattern for Mature Dendritic Cell Capture of HIV-1</strong><br/>
Nuria Izquierdo-Useros, Maier Lorizate, F.-Xabier Contreras, Maria T. Rodriguez-Plata, Bärbel Glass, Itziar Erkizia, Julia G. Prado, Josefina Casas, Gemma Fabriàs, Hans-Georg Kräusslich, Javier Martinez-Picado
HIV-1 is internalized into mature dendritic cells (mDCs) via an as yet undefined mechanism with subsequent transfer of stored, infectious virus to CD4+ T lymphocytes. Thus, HIV-1 subverts a DC antigen capture mechanism to promote viral spread. Here, we show that gangliosides in the HIV-1 membrane are the key molecules for mDC uptake. HIV-1 virus-like particles and liposomes mimicking the HIV-1 lipid composition were shown to use a common internalization pathway and the same trafficking route within mDCs. Hence, these results demonstrate that gangliosides can act as viral attachment factors, in addition to their well known function as cellular receptors for certain viruses. Furthermore, the sialyllactose molecule present in specific gangliosides was identified as the determinant moiety for mDC HIV-1 uptake. Thus, sialyllactose represents a novel molecular recognition pattern for mDC capture, and may be crucial both for antigen presentation leading to immunity against pathogens and for succumbing to subversion by HIV-1.
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<div><br/>来源：新华网</div>
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