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腾讯登录PNAS：研究称精液中一物质能触发雌性排卵
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如果你正在试着避免怀孕，那么这里有一条新的理由让你怀疑用于节育的安全期避孕法——一项新的研究证实，长期被视为精子载体的精液包含有一种物质，能够在雌性哺乳动物中触发排卵以及其他妊娠激素反应。这一发现有可能带来人类生育治疗的新方法。相关论文发表在<em>PNAS</em>上。
与大多数雌性哺乳动物一样，人类的女性也是自发排卵者，这意味着她们会相当定期地释放卵子而不论是否进行了性活动。当然也有一些动物只有在进行性活动时才会释放可供生育的卵子，例如骆驼和兔子，这种过程被称为感应排卵。
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然而早在1985年，一些中国科学家便对这一传统理论提出了挑战，认为在精液中可能存在一种排卵诱导因子（OIF）。按照加拿大萨斯卡通市萨斯克彻温大学的兽医与生殖生物学家Gregg Adams的话说，这一假设与主流理论完全背道而驰，“因此遭到了人们的忽略，其中也包括我自己”。
然而当Adams与同事在10年后用实验验证这一假设时，他们被结果吓了一跳。2005年，研究小组向与骆驼亲缘关系很近的雌美洲鸵的后肢中注射了雄美洲鸵的精液，目的便是看看美洲鸵在没有生殖器刺激的情况下是否会排卵。Adams说，让他们大吃一惊的是，向雌美洲鸵的血液中注射精液产生了“非常有效的排卵作用”。
这便引发了一场长达7年的有关精液中是否存在OIF的研究。如今，在8月20日发表于美国《国家科学院院刊》（<em>PNAS</em>）上的一项研究中，Adams和同事表示，他们采集了美洲鸵和公牛的精液，并将其在自发排卵和感应排卵的动物中进行了测试，结果表明，这些动物的精液中确实存在OIF。
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<span style="color: #000000;"><a title="" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1206273109" target="_blank">doi:10.1073/pnas.1206273109</a></span>
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<br/><strong>The nerve of ovulation-inducing factor in semen</strong><br/>
Marcelo H. Rattoa, Yvonne A. Leducb, Ximena P. Valderramac, Karin E. van Straatend, Louis T. J. Delbaereb,1, Roger A. Piersone, and Gregg P. Adamsf,2
A component in seminal fluid elicits an ovulatory response and has been discovered in every species examined thus far. The existence of an ovulation-inducing factor (OIF) in seminal plasma has broad implications and evokes questions about identity, tissue sources, mechanism of action, role among species, and clinical relevance in infertility. Most of these questions remain unanswered. The goal of this study was to determine the identity of OIF in support of the hypothesis that it is a single distinct and widely conserved entity. Seminal plasma from llamas and bulls was used as representative of induced and spontaneous ovulators, respectively. A fraction isolated from llama seminal plasma by column chromatography was identified as OIF by eliciting luteinizing hormone (LH) release and ovulation in llamas. MALDI-TOF revealed a molecular mass of 13,221 Da, and 12–23 aa sequences of OIF had homology with human, porcine, bovine, and murine sequences of β nerve growth factor (β-NGF). X-ray diffraction data were used to solve the full sequence and structure of OIF as β-NGF. Neurite development and up-regulation of trkA in phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells in vitro confirmed NGF-like properties of OIF. Western blot analysis of llama and bull seminal plasma confirmed immunorecognition of OIF using polyclonal mouse anti-NGF, and administration of β-NGF from mouse submandibular glands induced ovulation in llamas. We conclude that OIF in seminal plasma is β-NGF and that it is highly conserved. An endocrine route of action of NGF elucidates a previously unknown pathway for the direct influence of the male on the hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis of the inseminated female.
<br/>来源：中国科学报
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如果你正在试着避免怀孕，那么这里有一条新的理由让你怀疑用于节育的安全期避孕法——一项新的研究证实，长期被视为精子载体的精液包含有一种物质，能够在雌性哺乳动物中触发排卵以及其他妊娠激素反应。这一发现有可能带来人类生育治疗的新方法。相关论文发表在<em>PNAS</em>上。
与大多数雌性哺乳动物一样，人类的女性也是自发排卵者，这意味着她们会相当定期地释放卵子而不论是否进行了性活动。当然也有一些动物只有在进行性活动时才会释放可供生育的卵子，例如骆驼和兔子，这种过程被称为感应排卵。
<!--more-->
然而早在1985年，一些中国科学家便对这一传统理论提出了挑战，认为在精液中可能存在一种排卵诱导因子（OIF）。按照加拿大萨斯卡通市萨斯克彻温大学的兽医与生殖生物学家Gregg Adams的话说，这一假设与主流理论完全背道而驰，“因此遭到了人们的忽略，其中也包括我自己”。
然而当Adams与同事在10年后用实验验证这一假设时，他们被结果吓了一跳。2005年，研究小组向与骆驼亲缘关系很近的雌美洲鸵的后肢中注射了雄美洲鸵的精液，目的便是看看美洲鸵在没有生殖器刺激的情况下是否会排卵。Adams说，让他们大吃一惊的是，向雌美洲鸵的血液中注射精液产生了“非常有效的排卵作用”。
这便引发了一场长达7年的有关精液中是否存在OIF的研究。如今，在8月20日发表于美国《国家科学院院刊》（<em>PNAS</em>）上的一项研究中，Adams和同事表示，他们采集了美洲鸵和公牛的精液，并将其在自发排卵和感应排卵的动物中进行了测试，结果表明，这些动物的精液中确实存在OIF。
<div id="ztload">
<div>
<div>
<img src="http://www.bioon.com/biology/UploadFiles/201208/2012082619422166.gif" alt="" width="113" height="149" border="0" hspace="0" />
<span style="color: #000000;"><a title="" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1206273109" target="_blank">doi:10.1073/pnas.1206273109</a></span>
PMC:
PMID:
</div>
<div>
<br/><strong>The nerve of ovulation-inducing factor in semen</strong><br/>
Marcelo H. Rattoa, Yvonne A. Leducb, Ximena P. Valderramac, Karin E. van Straatend, Louis T. J. Delbaereb,1, Roger A. Piersone, and Gregg P. Adamsf,2
A component in seminal fluid elicits an ovulatory response and has been discovered in every species examined thus far. The existence of an ovulation-inducing factor (OIF) in seminal plasma has broad implications and evokes questions about identity, tissue sources, mechanism of action, role among species, and clinical relevance in infertility. Most of these questions remain unanswered. The goal of this study was to determine the identity of OIF in support of the hypothesis that it is a single distinct and widely conserved entity. Seminal plasma from llamas and bulls was used as representative of induced and spontaneous ovulators, respectively. A fraction isolated from llama seminal plasma by column chromatography was identified as OIF by eliciting luteinizing hormone (LH) release and ovulation in llamas. MALDI-TOF revealed a molecular mass of 13,221 Da, and 12–23 aa sequences of OIF had homology with human, porcine, bovine, and murine sequences of β nerve growth factor (β-NGF). X-ray diffraction data were used to solve the full sequence and structure of OIF as β-NGF. Neurite development and up-regulation of trkA in phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells in vitro confirmed NGF-like properties of OIF. Western blot analysis of llama and bull seminal plasma confirmed immunorecognition of OIF using polyclonal mouse anti-NGF, and administration of β-NGF from mouse submandibular glands induced ovulation in llamas. We conclude that OIF in seminal plasma is β-NGF and that it is highly conserved. An endocrine route of action of NGF elucidates a previously unknown pathway for the direct influence of the male on the hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis of the inseminated female.
<br/>来源：中国科学报
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