Am. J. Epidemiol：增加铁摄入量 有助降低患经前综合征风险

经前综合征往往伴随乳房疼痛和肿胀、抑郁和焦虑等症状，给很多女性生活造成困扰。美国一项研究显示，如果饮食中铁摄取量稍微超过推荐量，有助降低女性患经前综合征的可能。

阿默斯特马萨诸塞大学的研究小组以3025名年龄在25岁至42岁之间的美国护士为研究对象，在10年内通过调查问卷获得她们对131种食品和补充剂的摄入情况。被调查者在研究开始前未出现经前综合征。在研究过程中，1057名女性出现了不同程度的经前综合征症状。

通过对比出现经前综合征症状和未出现症状两组人的饮食情况，研究人员发现，在这10年中，与每天摄入10毫克铁的女性相比，每天摄入22毫克铁的女性出现经前综合征的可能性减少了33％。美国药物研究所推荐的每日铁摄入量是18毫克。

研究还发现，铁摄取量越高，出现经前综合征的可能性就越小，但为预防出现不良后果，研究人员并不建议摄入过多铁，也不建议只关注某一种营养成分，而应均衡饮食。

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Intake of Selected Minerals and Risk of Premenstrual Syndrome

Iron, potassium, zinc, and other minerals might impact the development of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) through multiple mechanisms, but few studies have evaluated these relations. We conducted a case-control study nested within the prospective Nurses' Health Study II (1991–2001). Participants were free from PMS at baseline. After 10 years, 1,057 women were confirmed as PMS cases and 1,968 as controls. Mineral intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaires completed in 1991, 1995, and 1999. After adjustment for calcium intake and other factors, women in the highest quintile of nonheme iron intake had a relative risk of PMS of 0.64 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44, 0.92; P for trend = 0.04) compared with women in the lowest quintile. Women in the highest quintile of potassium intake had a relative risk of 1.46 (95% CI: 0.99, 2.15; P for trend = 0.04) compared with women in the lowest quintile. High intake of zinc from supplements was marginally associated with PMS (for intake of ≥25 mg/day vs. none, relative risk = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.46, 1.02; P for trend = 0.05). Intakes of sodium, magnesium, and manganese were unrelated to PMS risk. These findings suggest that dietary minerals may be useful in preventing PMS. Additional studies are needed to confirm these relations.

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