我国艾滋病疫苗研究获突破性进展

      预防和控制艾滋病传播的最有效措施为研发出有效的疫苗，但这项课题一直被视为很难攻克的世界性科学难题。中国科学院广州生物医药与健康研究院、清华大学和香港大学的科学家们经过5年多的不懈努力，精诚合作，艰苦创新，终于在这一方面取得具有突破意义的科研成果。

　　首次报道发明了一种创新性的艾滋病疫苗策略，通过联合使用改良型痘苗病毒天坛株（MVTT）黏膜载体疫苗和5型腺病毒载体疫苗（Ad5），能有效控制甚至完全预防艾滋病毒通过粘膜途径对机体的感染。该成果近日已发表在国际病毒学权威期刊《病毒学杂志》（Journal of Virology. 2013, 2013 Mar13. doi:10.1128/JVI.03247-12）。

　　据了解，研究团队利用中国猕猴模型，系统评估了该疫苗策略的安全性、免疫原性和保护效果。数据表明该疫苗策略具高度的安全性，注射疫苗的猴子没有可观察到的副作用。注射疫苗之后，通过国际公认的高致病性猴艾滋病毒SIV239进行攻毒实验，部分实验猴在整个实验期间都没被感染,被感染的那些实验猴，也未出现艾滋病的临床症状；而未接受疫苗的猴子则均被感染，并逐渐发病和死亡。基于这些令人鼓舞的实验数据，研究团队已开始致力该疫苗策略临床前研究的工作。如能最终进入临床试验并证实有效，将对阻断和减缓HIV通过黏膜途径感染（性接触）在我国普通人群的流行具有极其重大的科学意义和社会意义。


原文链接：

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Mucosal Prime with a Replicating Vaccinia-based Vaccine Elicits Protective Immunity against SIV Challenge in Rhesus Monkeys

Mucosal surfaces are not targeted by most HIV-1 vaccines, despite being major routes for HIV-1 transmission. Here, we report a novel vaccination regimen that consisted of a mucosal prime with modified replicating vaccinia Tiantan MVTTSIVgpe, and intramuscular boost with non-replicating Ad5SIVgpe. This regimen elicited robust cellular immune responses with enhanced magnitude, sustainability and polyfunctionality, and higher titers of neutralizing antibodies against SIVmac1A11 in rhesus monkeys. The reductions in peak and set-point viral loads were significant in most animals, with one other animal being fully protected from high dose inoculation of SIVmac239. Furthermore, the animals vaccinated with this regimen were healthy, while ∼75% control animals developed simian AIDS. The protective effects correlated with the vaccine-elicited SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses against Gag and Pol. Our study provides a novel strategy to develop HIV-1 vaccine by using the combination of replicating vector and mucosal priming.

来源：科技日报