JAMA Internal Medicine：仿瓷餐具盛高温食物可引发肾结石

    据物理学家组织网1月21日报道，纽约北岸大学职业和医学环境中心与中国台湾高雄医学大学的研究人员共同提出，用仿瓷餐具盛较高温（如热汤）或酸性较强的食物会促使其内所含的三聚氰胺污染食物，可能引发肾结石。该研究结果发表于最新一期《美国医学会杂志》在线版上。

    三聚氰胺是一种有机化学物质，广泛应用于工业和一些家用产品中。对于消费者来说，厨房中包括盘子、碗、马克杯等仿瓷餐具是人们接触三聚氰胺最常见的来源之一。仿瓷餐具的主要成分密胺树脂，是由三聚氰胺和甲醛聚合而成。如果原材料树脂聚合得不好，就会残留三聚氰胺。

    纽约北岸大学职业和医学环境中心的专家肯尼斯·斯佩思博士指出，早期的研究表明，三聚氰胺会从这些器具“迁移”到食品里，在较高温度下（例如热汤）或酸性较高的食物会促使三聚氰胺污染食物，尤其是那些旧的或低质量的厨具。

    台湾高雄医学大学研究人员开展了一项研究，让12名健康男性和女性用仿瓷碗或者陶瓷碗吃热汤面，并在12小时之后收集参与者的尿液样本；3个星期后，参加者仍然食用同一种汤，但所用的碗却进行了互换，并在之后再次收集其尿液样本。12小时后的尿检显示，用三聚氰胺碗吃热汤面后，尿液中三聚氰胺含量为8.35微克，而用陶瓷碗吃热汤面后只有约1.3微克。

    研究人员认为，当食物温度较高时，仿瓷餐具释放出的三聚氰胺量会增加。而先前的研究已发现，长期摄入低剂量的三聚氰胺会增加儿童和成人患肾结石的风险。斯佩思说：“目前摄入三聚氰胺食物影响人类健康的数据还很不充分。不过，动物研究表明，摄入三聚氰胺会导致肾结石，而肾功能受损可能会诱发癌症。”

    斯佩思建议，虽然科学家对于三聚氰胺毒性的真正危险水平尚没有明确的结论，但为了减少危害，人们应该尽量避免使用含三聚氰胺的厨具。同样的建议也适用于其他能造成人体危害的邻苯二甲酸盐和双酚-A等塑料制品，不要用这些餐具在微波炉中加热食品。

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Hot food in plastic plates cause kidney stones

Plastic plates are a favourite of parents and picnic-goers the world over, but new research suggests that eating hot meals on melamine crockery could actually be harmful to health.

Taiwanese researchers have found that hot temperatures increase the amount of melamine we are exposed to - and this can increase the risk of kidney stones, the Daily Mail reported.
They studied two groups of people who ate piping hot noodle soup. One group ate from melamine bowls, the other from ceramic bowls.
Urine samples were collected before the meal, and every two hours for 12 hours following the meal.
Three weeks later, the volunteers consumed the same kind of soup but the type of bowl they used was reversed. Urine samples were collected again.
Total melamine levels in urine for 12 hours after eating the soup was 8.35 micrograms when the participants ate out of the melamine bowls versus about 1.3 micrograms when they ate out of ceramic bowls.
Lead researcher by Chia-Fang Wu, of Kaohsiung Medical University in Taiwan, said: "Melamine tableware may release large amounts of melamine when used to serve high-temperature foods."
He noted that both higher temperatures (from hot soups, for example) or more acidic foods can encourage melamine to contaminate food, especially in older or low-quality kitchenware.
But he added that the amount of melamine released into food and beverages from melamine tableware varies by brand, so the results of this study of one brand may not be generalised to other brands.
However the results suggest it is advisable to serve hot food on ceramic crockery, to be on the safe side.
They added that it's not yet clear what effect all of this might have on human health. However, prior studies have linked chronic, low-dose melamine exposures to an increased risk for kidney stones in both children and adults, the researchers said.
Studies of melamine toxicity in animals indicate that ingestion can cause kidney stones, kidney damage and may induce cancer.


来源：医脉通