Cancer Cell:男性基因缺陷或诱发肝癌，糖尿病

密歇根州立大学科学家发现雄性基因缺陷会引起肝癌和多种类型的糖尿病。相关报道发表在近期Cancer Cell杂志上，研究采用小鼠为模型，科学家发现NCOA5基因在雄性雌性小鼠中都有表达，当NCOA5基因发生改变时，仅雄鼠会过多产生干细胞，最终导致肝细胞性肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma）。肝细胞性肝癌在男性中发病率比女性高二至四倍。

研究还发现在癌症发展之前会出现葡萄糖耐受不良现象，而该现象能够增加人类二型糖尿病的风险。但是雌性小鼠并不会出现这些疾病。

该研究的通讯作者MSU医学院的Hua Xiao博士称，该发现非常重要，我们为男性易患肝癌和糖尿病提供了遗传学证据。我们的研究发现94%的雄鼠最终发展为肝癌，而100%都会发展为葡萄糖耐受不良。

Xiao博士认为男女性别的激素水平不同或许是女性不会诱发疾病的原因。

他解释称，由于雌激素可能会通过NCOA5起作用，之前的报道也称雌激素具有一定的保护作用，这就导致了女性不易患肝癌，但是男性仅有少量的雌激素，这就使得男性具有肝癌易感性。

Xiao博士称，还需要进一步的研究才能知道该遗传突变是否可逆，我们希望找到药物能够降低男性患肝癌和糖尿病的风险。(转化医学网360zhyx.com)

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Targeting Oxidative Stress in Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a soft-tissue sarcoma with molecular and cellular features of developing skeletal muscle. Rhabdomyosarcoma has two major histologic subtypes, embryonal and alveolar, each with distinct clinical, molecular, and genetic features. Genomic analysis shows that embryonal tumors have more structural and copy number variations than alveolar tumors. Mutations in the RAS/NF1 pathway are significantly associated with intermediate- and high-risk embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas (ERMS). In contrast, alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (ARMS) have fewer genetic lesions overall and no known recurrently mutated cancer consensus genes. To identify therapeutics for ERMS, we developed and characterized orthotopic xenografts of tumors that were sequenced in our study. High-throughput screening of primary cultures derived from those xenografts identified oxidative stress as a pathway of therapeutic relevance for ERMS.

来源：bioon