PLoS One：孕妇饮酒会对胎儿发育产生巨大影响

近日，刊登在国际杂志PLoS ONE上的一篇研究论文中，来自曼彻斯特大学的研究人员通过研究揭示，怀孕早期的孕妇如果适度或者重度饮酒获将损伤其胎儿的生长以及机体功能。文章中研究者指出的适度饮酒量为标准饮酒量的三分之二，而重度饮酒量则为标准饮酒量的4-6倍；研究者对饮酒效应及其毒性降解产物乙醛对胎儿的影响进行了检测评估，结果发现孕妇少量饮酒或许并不会对胎儿的生长和发育产生影响。

科学家们发现，当酒精含量处于适度或者重度水平时会减少机体牛磺酸从母体向婴儿机体的运输，牛磺酸对于婴儿大脑发育以及机体生理学特性至关重要，然而乙醛并不会对牛磺酸的运输产生任何影响，因此这也就表明究竟或许是罪魁祸首。研究者Sylvia Lui说道，酒精和乙醛在高水平下都具有毒性危害，但是本文的研究结果显示，容易达到正常人群的水平往往对胎儿具有特殊的影响。

尽管低水平的酒精不会对胎儿产生有害影响，但是临床上仍然推荐现任的皇家妇产科学院的指导方针；John Aplin教授建议，准备怀孕的女性最好不要饮酒，而且怀孕女性在怀孕早期阶段也不要饮酒，本文的研究揭示，怀孕最关键的第一周适度的饮酒会对日后胎儿的发育产生巨大的影响。（转化医学网360zhyx.com）

原文链接：

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Detrimental Effects of Ethanol and Its Metabolite Acetaldehyde, on First Trimester Human Placental Cell Turnover and Function
Lui S, Jones RL, Robinson NJ, Greenwood SL, Aplin JD, et al

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) describes developmental issues from high maternal alcohol intake, which commonly results in fetal growth restriction and long term morbidity. We aimed to investigate the effect of alcohol and acetaldehyde, on the first trimester placenta, the period essential for normal fetal organogenesis. Normal invasion and establishment of the placenta during this time are essential for sustaining fetal viability to term. We hypothesise that alcohol (ethanol) and acetaldehyde have detrimental effects on cytotrophoblast invasion, turnover and placental function. Taurine is an important amino acid for neuronal and physiological development, and so, its uptake was assayed in cells and placental explants exposed to alcohol or acetaldehyde. First trimester villous explants and BeWo cells were treated with 0, 10, 20, 40 mM ethanol or 0, 10, 20, 40 µM acetaldehyde. The invasive capacity of SGHPL4, a first trimester extravillous cytotrophoblast cell line, was unaffected by ethanol or acetaldehyde (p>0.05; N = 6). The cells in-cycle were estimated using immunostaining for Ki67. Proliferating trophoblast cells treated with ethanol were decreased in both experiments (explants: 40% at 20 mM and 40 mM, p<0.05, N = 8–9) (cell line: 5% at 20 mM and 40 mM, p<0.05, N = 6). Acetaldehyde also reduced Ki67-positive cells in both experiments (explants at 40 µM p<0.05; N = 6) (cell line at 10 µM and 40 µM; p<0.05; N = 7). Only in the cell line at 20 µM acetaldehyde demonstrated increased apoptosis (p<0.05; N = 6). Alcohol inhibited taurine transport in BeWo cells at 10 mM and 40 mM (p<0.05; N = 6), and in placenta at 40 mM (p<0.05; N = 7). Acetaldehyde did not affect taurine transport in either model (P<0.05; N = 6). Interestingly, system A amino acid transport in placental explants was increased at 10 µM and 40 µM acetaldehyde exposure (p<0.05; N = 6). Our results demonstrate that exposure to both genotoxins may contribute to the pathogenesis of FASD by reducing placental growth. Alcohol also reduces the transport of taurine, which is vital for developmental neurogenesis.

来源：生物谷