JACC：健康的生活方式可明显降低男性患心脏病的风险

近日，一篇发表在国际杂志the Journal of the American College of Cardiology上的研究论文中，来自瑞典卡罗琳学院的研究人员通过研究表明，健康的生活方式或许可以抑制男性五分之四的冠状动脉发病事件，其中健康的生活方式就包括健康的体重、饮食、锻炼、不吸烟及适度饮酒等。

近十年由于医学疗法的进步使得心脏病引发的死亡率不断下降，而通过健康的生活方式可以避免药物带来的副作用，而且可以更加有效地降低冠状动脉心脏病的风险。这项研究中，研究人员连续11年对45至79岁的20721名健康的瑞典男性进行跟踪调查研究，研究者以调查问卷的形式，询问这些个体的饮食、酒精饮用、吸烟状况、体力状况及腹部脂肪相关的情况，参与调查问卷的男性均吸烟较少，每天步行至少40分钟，每周锻炼至少一个小时，而且这些个体严格遵守健康饮食规定的水果、蔬菜等的摄入量。

转化医学网推荐的原文摘要：

Low-Risk Diet and Lifestyle Habits in the Primary Prevention of Myocardial Infarction in Men : A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study
Agneta Åkesson, PhD, , Susanna C. Larsson, PhD, Andrea Discacciati, MSc, Alicja Wolk, DMSc
Journal of the American College of Cardiology DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.06.1190
Background
Adherence to a combination of healthy dietary and lifestyle practices may have an impressive impact on the primary prevention of myocardial infarction (MI).
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the benefit of combined low-risk diet and healthy lifestyle practices on the incidence of MI in men.
Methods
The population-based, prospective cohort of Swedish men comprised 45- to 79-year-old men who completed a detailed questionnaire on diet and lifestyle at baseline in 1997. In total, 20,721 men with no history of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, or high cholesterol levels were followed through 2009. Low-risk behavior included 5 factors: a healthy diet (top quintile of Recommended Food Score), moderate alcohol consumption (10 to 30 g/day), no smoking, being physically active (walking/bicycling ≥40 min/day and exercising ≥1 h/week), and having no abdominal adiposity (waist circumference <95 cm).
Results
During 11 years of follow-up, we ascertained 1,361 incident cases of MI. The low-risk dietary choice together with moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a relative risk of 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48 to 0.87) compared with men having 0 of 5 low-risk factors. Men having all 5 low-risk factors compared with those with 0 low-risk factors had a relative risk of 0.14 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.43). This combination of healthy behaviors, present in 1% of the men, could prevent 79% (95% CI: 34% to 93%) of the MI events on the basis of the study population.
Conclusions
Almost 4 of 5 MIs in men may be preventable with a combined low-risk behavior.