长时间工作或可增加个体患II型糖尿病的风险

       近日，发表在国际杂志The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology上的一篇研究论文中，来自伦敦大学的研究人员通过研究发现，每周从事体力工作超过55小时或者其它较低社会经济地位工作的人们患II型糖尿病的风险要高于正常人群30%。

转化医学网推荐的原文摘要：

Long working hours, socioeconomic status, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished data from 222 120 individuals
The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70178-0
Prof Mika Kivimäki PhD a b , Prof Marianna Virtanen PhD c, Prof Ichiro Kawachi MD d, Solja T Nyberg MSc c, Prof Lars Alfredsson PhD e f, G David Batty PhD a g h, Prof Jakob B Bjorner MD i, Marianne Borritz MD j, Prof Eric J Brunner PhD a, Hermann Burr PhD k, Prof Nico Dragano PhD l, Jane E Ferrie PhD a m, Eleonor I Fransson PhD f n o, Mark Hamer PhD a, Katriina Heikkilä PhD c p, Prof Anders Knutsson PhD q, Prof Markku Koskenvuo MD r, Ida E H Madsen PhD i, Martin L Nielsen MD j, Maria Nordin PhD s, Tuula Oksanen PhD c, Jan H Pejtersen PhD t, Jaana Pentti PhD c, Prof Reiner Rugulies PhD i u, Paula Salo PhD c v, Prof Johannes Siegrist PhD l, Andrew Steptoe PhD a, Prof Sakari Suominen MD w x y, Prof Töres Theorell MD o, Prof Jussi Vahtera MD c y z, Prof Peter J M Westerholm MD aa, Prof Hugo Westerlund PhD o, Archana Singh-Manoux PhD a ab, Markus Jokela PhD ac
Background
Working long hours might have adverse health effects, but whether this is true for all socioeconomic status groups is unclear. In this meta-analysis stratified by socioeconomic status, we investigated the role of long working hours as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
Methods
We identified four published studies through a systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase up to April 30, 2014. Study inclusion criteria were English-language publication; prospective design (cohort study); investigation of the effect of working hours or overtime work; incident diabetes as an outcome; and relative risks, odds ratios, or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs, or sufficient information to calculate these estimates. Additionally, we used unpublished individual-level data from 19 cohort studies from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working-Populations Consortium and international open-access data archives. Effect estimates from published and unpublished data from 222 120 men and women from the USA, Europe, Japan, and Australia were pooled with random-effects meta-analysis.
Findings
During 1·7 million person-years at risk, 4963 individuals developed diabetes (incidence 29 per 10 000 person-years). The minimally adjusted summary risk ratio for long (≥55 h per week) compared with standard working hours (35—40 h) was 1·07 (95% CI 0·89—1·27, difference in incidence three cases per 10 000 person-years) with significant heterogeneity in study-specific estimates (I2=53%, p=0·0016). In an analysis stratified by socioeconomic status, the association between long working hours and diabetes was evident in the low socioeconomic status group (risk ratio 1·29, 95% CI 1·06—1·57, difference in incidence 13 per 10 000 person-years, I2=0%, p=0·4662), but was null in the high socioeconomic status group (1·00, 95% CI 0·80—1·25, incidence difference zero per 10 000 person-years, I2=15%, p=0·2464). The association in the low socioeconomic status group was robust to adjustment for age, sex, obesity, and physical activity, and remained after exclusion of shift workers.
Interpretation
In this meta-analysis, the link between longer working hours and type 2 diabetes was apparent only in individuals in the low socioeconomic status groups.
Funding
Medical Research Council, European Union New and Emerging Risks in Occupational Safety and Health research programme, Finnish Work Environment Fund, Swedish Research Council for Working Life and Social Research, German Social Accident Insurance, Danish National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Academy of Finland, Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment (Netherlands), Economic and Social Research Council, US National Institutes of Health, and British Heart Foundation.