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腾讯登录Nat Neurosci：科学家阐明大脑中中短期记忆产生的分子机制
| 导读 | 近日，刊登在国际杂志Nature Neuroscience上的一篇研究论文中，来自德国马克斯普朗克研究所(Max Planck Institute)的研究人员通过研究揭示，不同的大脑区域必须处于激活状态才能够保证机体短期记忆得以实现。 |
中小学生和大学生往往较擅长于短期记忆，尤其是在考试前夕其不得不记住很多知识点来应对开始，尽管这种记忆的持久性很短暂，但是短期记忆是大脑中神经元的一项非常复杂的网络，而大脑中包含有不同的功能区域，为了储存信息，这些大脑区域就需要互相协作；近日，刊登在国际杂志Nature Neuroscience上的一篇研究论文中，来自德国马克斯普朗克研究所(Max Planck Institute)的研究人员通过研究揭示，不同的大脑区域必须处于激活状态才能够保证机体短期记忆得以实现。
当我们看到某些物体，研究中的信号就会在大脑皮层区域被加工处理，相反对于短期记忆来讲，大脑皮层的前部区域必须处于激活状态，为了短暂记住某些事物，大脑中这些分离的区域就会对信息进行校准。文章中，研究人员在猿类大脑中检测了上述结论，当猿类对不同的图像进行记忆时，研究者测定了其大脑前部区域和视觉区域的电活性，结果研究者在这两个区域中均发现了名为theta带振动的电振动，而非常奇怪的是这些振动并不会独立产生，其发生是同步的。这两个区域的活性越同步，猿类记忆图像的能力就越强。
我们可以将短期记忆的机制设想成两扇门，当记忆处于工作状态时，这两扇门就会同时移动，利用这种方式从而更加促进信息的有效交换。本文研究发现，大脑区域的同步振动是为了帮助大脑的不同区域之间进行更好地交流沟通，而几乎所有的高级知识能力都是来源于大脑不同区域特殊的神经网络间的相互复杂作用而而产生的。（转化医学网360zhyx.com）
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Theta coupling between V4 and prefrontal cortex predicts visual short-term memory performance
Nature Neuroscience doi:10.1038/nn.3038
Stefanie Liebe, Gregor M Hoerzer, Nikos K Logothetis & Gregor Rainer
Short-term memory requires communication between multiple brain regions that collectively mediate the encoding and maintenance of sensory information. It has been suggested that oscillatory synchronization underlies intercortical communication. Yet, whether and how distant cortical areas cooperate during visual memory remains elusive. We examined neural interactions between visual area V4 and the lateral prefrontal cortex using simultaneous local field potential (LFP) recordings and single-unit activity (SUA) in monkeys performing a visual short-term memory task. During the memory period, we observed enhanced between-area phase synchronization in theta frequencies (3–9 Hz) of LFPs together with elevated phase locking of SUA to theta oscillations across regions. In addition, we found that the strength of intercortical locking was predictive of the animals' behavioral performance. This suggests that theta-band synchronization coordinates action potential communication between V4 and prefrontal cortex that may contribute to the maintenance of visual short-term memories.
Nature Neuroscience doi:10.1038/nn.3038
Stefanie Liebe, Gregor M Hoerzer, Nikos K Logothetis & Gregor Rainer
Short-term memory requires communication between multiple brain regions that collectively mediate the encoding and maintenance of sensory information. It has been suggested that oscillatory synchronization underlies intercortical communication. Yet, whether and how distant cortical areas cooperate during visual memory remains elusive. We examined neural interactions between visual area V4 and the lateral prefrontal cortex using simultaneous local field potential (LFP) recordings and single-unit activity (SUA) in monkeys performing a visual short-term memory task. During the memory period, we observed enhanced between-area phase synchronization in theta frequencies (3–9 Hz) of LFPs together with elevated phase locking of SUA to theta oscillations across regions. In addition, we found that the strength of intercortical locking was predictive of the animals' behavioral performance. This suggests that theta-band synchronization coordinates action potential communication between V4 and prefrontal cortex that may contribute to the maintenance of visual short-term memories.
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