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富含ω-3脂肪酸鱼类的摄入或可有效抑制机体癌症的发生

首页 » 研究 » 肿瘤 2014-11-14 转化医学网 赞(3)
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最近,刊登在国际杂志Nutrition and Cancer上的一篇报道中,研究人员发现,以正确方式、合适的量食用正确类型的多脂鱼实际上可以有效抑制机体患腺癌。

  最近,刊登在国际杂志Nutrition and Cancer上的一篇研究报道中,来自圣路加中美心血管学院(Saint Luke's Mid America Heart and Vascular Institute)的研究人员通过研究发现,以正确方式、合适的量食用正确类型的多脂鱼实际上可以有效抑制机体患腺癌,腺癌是一种常见类型的恶性肿瘤,乳腺组织、前列腺、胰腺、结肠及胃肠道往往都是癌症高发的部位,而其引发的癌症也往往都是腺癌。
  研究者表示,每日低剂量的阿司匹林可降低个体患腺癌的风险,原因是阿司匹林看以适度降低环氧化酶2(cox-2)的活性,环氧化酶2对于腺癌的起源和发展非常关键;随后研究人员又表示,ω-3脂肪的广泛摄入(多脂鱼富含ω-3脂肪)或许可以抑制环氧化酶2的活性,进而降低个体引发腺癌的风险。
  研究者强调,不光是每日鱼类的摄入,而且摄入鱼的种类及烹饪方式对于其降低癌症的风险都非常重要;研究者DiNicolantonio表示,最简单的观察ω-3脂肪有益作用的就是意大利的餐饮方式,在意大利做主食及拌色拉的主要油类都是橄榄油,橄榄油中ω-6含量非常少;同时富含ω-3的鱼类也是意大利饮食中的主要鱼类,而且意大利人很少用盐腌鱼及油炸鱼;对意大利人进行的相关研究显示,相比吃鱼一周不到一次的个体来讲,每周至少吃两次鱼的个体患各种癌症的风险明显降低,比如卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌等。
  研究者指出,近来有很多研究都揭示了经常摄入鱼油和较低的癌症发病风险直接相关,一项华盛顿大学的研究评估了个体从鱼类及补充物中总的ω-3的摄入量,结果发现高ω-3摄入可降低23%的因癌症死亡率。的确因为种种原因导致的死亡率的降低往往也和高剂量ω-3的摄入有关。
  最后研究人员指出,环氧化酶2在癌前病变及腺癌早期阶段表达较为明显,但其表达有时候会癌症组织成熟而消失,这就是为何环氧化酶2抑制剂(增加ω-3的摄入)似乎可以有效抑制癌症发展,但并不是用于癌症的治疗。(转化医学网360zhyx.com)
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转化医学网推荐的原文摘要:


A Higher Dietary Ratio of Long-Chain Omega-3 to Total Omega-6 Fatty Acids for Prevention of COX-2-Dependent Adenocarcinomas.

Nutrition and Cancer DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.956262
James J. DiNicolantonio, Mark F. McCarty, Subhankar Chatterjee, Carl J. Lavie, James H. O’Keefe.
Compelling evidence that daily low-dose aspirin decreases risk for a number of adenocarcinomas likely reflects the fact that a modest but consistent inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity can have a meaningful protective impact on risk for such cancers. The cancer-promoting effects of COX-2 are thought to be mediated primarily by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), synthesized from arachidonic acid. The long-chain omega-3s eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), abundant in many fatty fish, can interfere with the availability of arachidonate to COX-2 by multiple complementary mechanisms; moreover, the PGE3 produced by COX-2 from EPA is a competitive inhibitor of the receptors activated by PGE2. These considerations have given rise to the hypothesis that a high dietary intake of EPA/DHA, relative to omega-6 (from which arachidonate is generated), should lessen risk for a number of adenocarcinomas by impeding PGE2 production and activity—while not posing the risk to vascular health associated with COX-2-specific nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. Analyses that focus on studies in which the upper category of fish consumption (not fried or salt-preserved) is 2 or more servings weekly, and on studies that evaluate the association of long-term fish oil supplementation with cancer risk yields a number of findings that are consistent with the hypothesis. Further studies of this nature may help to clarify the impact of adequate regular intakes of long-chain omega-3 on cancer risk, and perhaps provide insight into the dose-dependency of this effect.


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