大麻有效成分联合放疗或可有效抑制脑癌发展

  近日，来自伦敦大学的专家通过研究表示，将用于癌症治疗的大麻特定成分同放射疗法相结合就可以彻底消灭肿瘤。文章中研究人员在实验室对脑癌疗法进行研究就发现了大麻中的有效成分可以结合放射疗法的最佳杀灭肿瘤的效应；相关研究发表于国际杂志Molecular Cancer Therapeutics上。
  研究者表示，两种名为四氢大麻酚（THC）和大麻二酚（CBD）的活性成分可以部分用于进行脑癌的研究，目前脑癌每年在英国影响着5200位患者的生命；而且脑癌的预后并不好，5年生存期大约为10%左右。
  大麻酚类是大麻（印度大麻）中的活性成分，尤其以phytocannabinoids最为特殊，目前在大麻属植物中存在85种已知的大麻酚类物质。本文研究是首次揭示THC、CBD同放疗方法结合有效抑制肿瘤发展的一项研究，当三者结合后可以有效抑制小鼠脑部正在生长的肿瘤细胞。
  研究者Wai Liu说道，研究结果让我们非常激动，我们通过多种方式检测了肿瘤，在没有疗法的情况下、单独使用大麻酚类的情况下、单独使用放疗的情况下及将大麻酚类和放疗相结合的情况下；结果显示，将大麻酚类和放疗结合的疗法可以最为有效地抑制肿瘤生长，及明显降低肿瘤的生长尺寸；在某些情况下动物机体中的肿瘤组织会彻底消失，未来研究人员将会在人类机体中进行更深层次的研究。
  此前研究人员熟知大麻中的有效成分，但是本文研究所得到的有效结果却是第一次研究发现，将大麻酚类和放疗技术结合或许有望用于治疗癌症患者，下一步研究人员计划进行临床试验来进行检测。（转化医学网360zhyx.com）
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The Combination of Cannabidiol and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Radiation in an Orthotopic Murine Glioma Model
Molecular Cancer Therapeutics doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0402
Katherine A. Scott, Angus G. Dalgleish, and Wai M. Liu*
High-grade glioma is one of the most aggressive cancers in adult humans and long-term survival rates are very low as standard treatments for glioma remain largely unsuccessful. Cannabinoids have been shown to specifically inhibit glioma growth as well as neutralize oncogenic processes such as angiogenesis. In an attempt to improve treatment outcome, we have investigated the effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) both alone and in combination with radiotherapy in a number of glioma cell lines (T98G, U87MG, and GL261). Cannabinoids were used in two forms, pure (P) and as a botanical drug substance (BDS). Results demonstrated a duration- and dose-dependent reduction in cell viability with each cannabinoid and suggested that THC-BDS was more efficacious than THC-P, whereas, conversely, CBD-P was more efficacious than CBD-BDS. Median effect analysis revealed all combinations to be hyperadditive [T98G 48-hour combination index (CI) at FU50, 0.77–1.09]. Similarly, pretreating cells with THC-P and CBD-P together for 4 hours before irradiation increased their radiosensitivity when compared with pretreating with either of the cannabinoids individually. The increase in radiosensitivity was associated with an increase in markers of autophagy and apoptosis. These in vitro results were recapitulated in an orthotopic murine model for glioma, which showed dramatic reductions in tumor volumes when both cannabinoids were used with irradiation (day 21: 5.5 ± 2.2 mm3 vs. 48.7 ± 24.9 mm3 in the control group; P < 0.01). Taken together, our data highlight the possibility that these cannabinoids can prime glioma cells to respond better to ionizing radiation, and suggest a potential clinical benefit for glioma patients by using these two treatment modalities.