吸烟恐会增加前列腺癌患者复发的风险

前列腺癌患者中的吸烟者在治疗过程中会产生副作用并增加癌症复发的风险，甚至使患者因前列腺癌而死亡。有关内容发表在《英国国际泌尿学杂志》上，研究结果发现吸烟对前列腺癌患者的健康会产生负面影响，并且可能会使他们产生并发症。

已有研究表明吸烟与前列腺癌之间有密切的联系，为了更好的证明吸烟对前列腺癌治疗过程和病情发展情况的影响，MichaelZelefsky博士和他的同事共同调研了2358名在1988和2005年间经历过体外放射治疗的前列腺癌病人。其中2156人有吸烟史。调研的这些病人被分为不吸烟组、当前吸烟组、曾吸烟组和未知吸烟组四组。

通过八年的追踪随访调查，当前吸烟组的癌症复发风险增加了40%，同时，与不吸烟组相比，当前吸烟组癌症扩散和癌症相关性死亡的风险超过两倍。另外，当前吸烟组和曾吸烟组都会经历治疗期间副作用的可能性，比如放射治疗产生的泌尿毒性副作用。尿毒性包括尿潴留、尿失禁、膀胱出血等疾病。

“吸烟者中的最优肿瘤控制结果可能的一种解释是由于在治疗肿瘤时期，吸烟者体内较少的氧气浓度的影响，这导致细胞由于不敏感而在辐射治疗期间被杀死，”Zelefsky博士指出。“我们的发现意味着医师咨询的重要性，咨询内容包括吸烟干扰病人治疗效果的潜在危害以及由于吸烟产生的副作用风险的增加。”（转化医学网360zhyx.com）

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原文：

Among patients with prostate cancer, those who smoke have increased risks of experiencing side effects from treatment and of developing future cancer recurrences, or even dying from prostate cancer. The findings, which are published in BJU International, suggest that smoking may negatively affect the health outcomes of patients with prostate cancer and may contribute to complications related to their care.

Several studies have demonstrated links between cigarette smoking and prostate cancer. To better understand the influence of smoking on prostate cancer progression and treatment, Michael Zelefsky, MD, of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City and Professor of Radiation Oncology, and his colleagues studied 2358 patients who underwent external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer between 1988 and 2005. Of these, 2156 had a history of smoking. Patients were classified as never smokers, current smokers, former smokers, and current smoking unknown.

Over a median follow-up of nearly eight years, patients who were current smokers had a 40% increased risk of cancer relapse, as well as more than 2-times increased risks of cancer spread and cancer-related death, compared with patients who were never smokers. In addition, current and former smokers had a higher likelihood of experiencing side effects, such as urinary toxicity, related to radiotherapy. Examples of urinary toxicity include urinary retention, urinary incontinence, and bladder hemorrhage.

"Less optimal tumor control outcomes among smokers could possibly be explained by the influence of less oxygen concentration within the treated tumors among smokers, which is known to lead to less sensitivity of the cells being killed off by radiation treatments," Dr. Zelefsky noted. "Our findings point to the importance of physicians counseling their patients regarding the potential harms of smoking interfering with the efficacy of therapies and for increased risks of side effects."