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2型糖尿病患者的降血压疗法或可延长患者存活期

首页 » 研究 » 糖尿病 2015-02-16 转化医学网 赞(2)
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2型糖尿病患者的降压治疗与降低心血管疾病(CVD)的风险和心脏病的发生有关,并能改善死亡率,该项研究发表在2月10日出版的《美国医学协会杂志》上。

 2型糖尿病患者的降压治疗与降低心血管疾病(CVD)的风险和心脏病的发生有关,并能改善死亡率,该项研究发表在2月10日出版的《美国医学协会杂志》上。
  到2030年,据估计将有至少4亿名2型糖尿病患者。2型糖尿病与心脏病发作和中风的大幅增加有密切相关性。糖尿病患者血压(BP)平均水平较高,高血压是糖尿病患者的危险因素已是不争的事实。根据本文的背景信息表明,给糖尿病患者降低血压目前还存在争议,争论围绕着谁应该被提供治疗以及谁的血压应达到一定的血压值。
  Kazem Rahimi博士和他的同事们进行了大规模的糖尿病患者的降血压治疗的随机对照试验的meta分析,1966年1月至1966年10月出版了相关内容。通过医学文献搜索发现相关40个试验被认为具有低风险性偏倚(100354个参与者),并包含在分析中检查2型糖尿病的血管疾病和低血压治疗之间的关联。
  研究人员发现,每降低10毫米汞柱收缩压,那么死亡率、心血管疾病,冠心病,中风,蛋白尿(过度的尿液中蛋白质的存在),视网膜病变(糖尿病失明)等疾病的发病率都会相应降低。降低血压的治疗和结果之间的关联并没有明显不同,无论药物类,除了中风和心力衰竭。
  尽管降压疗法的比例对大多数研究结果来说收缩压水平都低于140毫米汞柱,但是研究数据表明,收缩压低于130毫米汞柱可减少中风,视网膜病变,蛋白尿等的风险,可能对许多高危个体的结果来说会引来净收益。
  “在2型糖尿病患者中,血压降低与改善死亡率和其他临床结果都有一定关联。这些发现会支持在这些患者使用降血压药物。”作者写道。
  编辑:治疗糖尿病患者的高血压
  “这些发现非常及时、清晰、重要,并且支持当前的指导方针建议,当2型糖尿病患者收缩压140毫米汞柱或更高时,考虑提供给患者抗高血压治疗。靶向目标收缩压是130毫米汞柱,但通常不会低于该值。”医学博士伦敦大学学院Bryan Williams写的一篇相关社论。
  “然而,这项研究发现Emdin等建议,对一些病人来说,这些治疗阈值可能过于保守,特别是对于优化降低中风的风险和蛋白尿的进展。尽管临床试验有局限性,这个难题凸显了临床医生往往过度依赖某些准则,不加批判的接受的证据。治疗的标准肯定是保守的,标准的提供是以人群为基础的建议,医生必须针对个体病人进行具体问题具体分析。”(转化医学网360zhyx.com)
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转化医学网推荐的原始文献链接及新闻阅读

1.Bryan Williams. Treating Hypertension in Patients With Diabetes. JAMA, 2015; 313 (6): 573 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.89 
2.Connor A. Emdin, Kazem Rahimi, Bruce Neal, Thomas Callender, Vlado Perkovic, Anushka Patel. Blood Pressure Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA, 2015; 313 (6): 603 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.18574 


By 2030, it is estimated that there will be at least 400 million individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide. Type 2 diabetes is associated with a substantially increased risk of events such as heart attack and stroke. Blood pressure (BP) levels are on average higher among individuals with diabetes and increased BP is a well-established risk factor for people with diabetes. Lowering BP in individuals with diabetes is an area of current controversy, with particular debate surrounding who should be offered therapy and the BP targets to be achieved, according to background information in the article.

Kazem Rahimi, D.M., M.Sc., of the George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K., and colleagues conducted a review and meta-analysis of large-scale randomized controlled trials of BP-lowering treatment including patients with diabetes, published between January 1966 and October 2014. A search of the medical literature identified 40 trials judged to be of low risk of bias (100,354 participants), and were included in the analysis to examine the associations between BP-lowering treatment and vascular disease in type 2 diabetes.

The researchers found that each 10-mm Hg lower systolic BP was associated with a lower risk of mortality, cardiovascular disease events, coronary heart disease events, stroke, albuminuria (the presence of excessive protein in the urine), and retinopathy (loss of vision related to diabetes). The associations between BP-lowering treatments and outcomes were not significantly different, irrespective of drug class, except for stroke and heart failure.

Although proportional associations of BP­lowering treatment for most outcomes studied were diminished below a systolic BP level of 140 mm Hg, data indicated that further reduction below 130 mm Hg is associated with a lower risk of stroke, retinopathy, and albuminuria, potentially leading to net benefits for many individuals at high risk for those outcomes.

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