开发出可检测孕妇患妊娠期并发症的新型筛查检测手段

  近日，来自阿德莱德大学等处的科学家开发了一种新型的筛查检测技术，其可以帮助预测女性是否患有四种常见的妊娠并发症中的一种或多种；研究者表示，这种新型的算法将参与胎盘发育的基因序列中的微小差异同临床、个体生活方式以及家族史数据相结合，从而就可以成功预测女性患妊娠并发症的风险。
  Claire Roberts教授表示，基于算法的新型筛查技术可以被用于进行早孕的检测，并且帮助临床医生对风险女性进行早期疗法的治疗，从而降低并且抑制患者并发症的发生。在澳大利亚平均有25%的孕妇会被四种常见的妊娠并发症中的一种所影响，这四种并发症包括先兆子痫、早产、胎儿宫内发育迟缓以及妊娠糖尿病。
  然而经历妊娠并发症的女性所生而婴儿在其一生中也会经历婴儿肥胖、智力降低、行为问题乃至严重的智障比如脑瘫、智力障碍、失明甚至死亡；由这些并发症所影响的女性及其后代往往患成年型疾病的风险也较高，比如心血管疾病以及2型糖尿病。
  研究者表示，我们开发的新型筛查手段可以鉴别出女性是否患妊娠期并发症以及患的是哪一种并发症，从而为进行早期干预和疗法的开发提供基础；比如如果在怀孕早期发现女性存在患先兆子痫的风险，那么在怀孕期16周之前给予低剂量的阿司匹林或许就可以减缓女性的疾病症状或者帮助完全预防先兆子痫。
  这种筛查检测手段目前应用非常成功，研究者基于前期对阿德莱德及奥克兰地区超过3200名孕妇进行研究开发出了这种算法，而且其可以成功鉴别出女性患每一种主要妊娠并发症的风险，下一步研究者计划在全澳大利亚开展这种检测，并且使得这种算法变得商业化以便其可以在全世界范围内被临床医生们应用。（转化医学网360zhyx.com）
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Researchers at the University's Robinson Research Institute have developed algorithms (or calculations) that combine subtle variations in DNA sequences in genes involved in placental development with clinical, socioeconomic, lifestyle and family history data that can predict a woman's risk of having a pregnancy complication.

Professor Claire Roberts says this new screening test can be used in early pregnancy and will allow clinicians to initiate treatments for women at risk earlier, helping to reduce the severity of, or prevent, the complications.

"On average, 25% of first pregnancies in Australia are affected by one of the four major complications: preeclampsia, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction and gestational diabetes," Professor Roberts says.

"The health issues for babies whose mothers experience pregnancy complications range from childhood obesity, mild learning and behavioural problems to severe disabilities such as cerebral palsy, intellectual handicap and blindness or even death. The women and babies affected by these complications are also at higher risk for developing adult onset diseases, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

"The screening test identifies a woman's risk for pregnancy complications and what those complications may be, which allows for earlier intervention and treatment. For example, if it is identified in early pregnancy that a woman is at risk of developing preeclampsia, low dose aspirin before 16 weeks' gestation could delay the onset of the condition or prevent it completely," she says......