新HPV疫苗能预防80%宫颈癌

美国的一项新研究表明，在儿童十二岁之前给他们注射最新的人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗能有80%的概率预防宫颈癌。

研究表明，该疫苗(被称为9-Valent)能预防9中不同的人乳头瘤病毒株，同时也可能能预防19，000种其他癌症，包括肛门癌和阴茎癌。新的HPV疫苗相比前一代而言，其保护作用提升了11%。研究还发现，这种疫苗可以预防5.7%的咽喉癌，而咽喉癌则是常见癌症中第二个最与HPV相关的癌症。

美国疾病控制中心和美国Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin癌症防治中心检测了从1993年到2005年2670位癌症患者的HPV的DNA样本。他们试图找出有多少癌症病例是由上文提到的9种HPV引起的。

癌症防治中心的该项研究的资深领导者Marc T. Goodman在一次新闻发布会上说：“这是全球第一个关于这方面的研究，该研究不仅减少了全球癌症负担，也在一定程度上指导了儿童接种疫苗。我们还发现了70%的病人的口咽癌组织样本中含有HPV，这比以往研究中发现的都要多。可能是因为性行为的变化，如口交的增多。”而研究结果则已发表在《美国国家癌症研究所杂志》上了。

如果你已经接种了其他HPV疫苗，也无须担心。早些时候的研究已经表明，这些疫苗在预防各种癌症上都有着不小的成效，只是新的9-Valent疫苗能多提供11%的保护。不过，对抗癌症的保护自然是多多益善的。生生物谷推荐的英文文献

US Assessment of HPV Types in Cancers: Implications for Current and 9-Valent HPV Vaccines、

doi: 10.1093/jnci/djv086Background： This study sought to determine the prevaccine type-specific prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)?associated cancers in the United States to evaluate the potential impact of the HPV types in the current and newly approved 9-valent HPV vaccines.

Methods： The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention partnered with seven US population-based cancer registries to obtain archival tissue for cancers diagnosed from 1993 to 2005. HPV testing was performed on 2670 case patients that were fairly representative of all participating cancer registry cases by age and sex. Demographic and clinical data were evaluated by anatomic site and HPV status. Current US cancer registry data and the detection of HPV types were used to estimate the number of cancers potentially preventable through vaccination.

Results： HPV DNA was detected in 90.6% of cervical， 91.1% of anal， 75.0% of vaginal， 70.1% of oropharyngeal， 68.8% of vulvar， 63.3% of penile， 32.0% of oral cavity， and 20.9% of laryngeal cancers， as well as in 98.8% of cervical cancer in situ (CCIS). A vaccine targeting HPV 16/18 potentially prevents the majority of invasive cervical (66.2%)， anal (79.4%)， oropharyngeal (60.2%)， and vaginal (55.1%) cancers， as well as many penile (47.9%)， vulvar (48.6%) cancers： 24 858 cases annually. The 9-valent vaccine also targeting HPV 31/33/45/52/58 may prevent an additional 4.2% to 18.3% of cancers： 3944 cases annually. For most cancers， younger age at diagnosis was associated with higher HPV 16/18 prevalence. With the exception of oropharyngeal cancers and CCIS， HPV 16/18 prevalence was similar across racial/ethnic groups.

Conclusions： In the United States， current vaccines will reduce most HPV-associated cancers； a smaller additional reduction would be contributed by the new 9-valent vaccine.