抗炎性药物或可帮助抵御卵巢癌

  卵巢癌并没有任何症状，当其被发现的时候，癌细胞往往已经扩散到了患者全身，卵巢癌患者中寿命可以维持5年的人数往往少于一半。
  而在过去20年里卵巢癌患者的生存率没有得到任何改善，目前一种酮咯酸注射剂在美国被批准进行患者术后的疼痛治疗，这种注射剂药物等同于S-酮咯酸和R-酮咯酸的混合剂，S-酮咯酸和R-酮咯酸具有相同的化学式，就好比左手和右手一样，其二者在三维结构上具有镜像作用。
  这项研究中，来自国外的研究人员检测了S-酮咯酸和R-酮咯酸的混合剂对于卵巢癌女性的作用，当将酮咯酸注射入患者血液中时，机体会快速移除S-酮咯酸，同时使得R-酮咯酸移动并且在腹腔中集聚，腹腔中包含有卵巢、输卵管以及其他器官的表面结构，而卵巢癌也是从腹腔开始发生的。
  当R-酮咯酸聚集后，其就会快速关闭GTP酶，GTP酶可以增加肿瘤细胞生长和扩散的能力，而且其类似于细胞内部的分子开关。GTP酶可以控制癌细胞的生长以及扩散，因此其可以作为开发治疗癌症新型疗法的重要药物靶点。
  目前研究者对2004年至2006年间进行卵巢癌手术的女性进行研究，分析了这些患者的医疗电子记录，结果发现，在术后5年后接受酮咯酸减缓疼痛的患者更有可能在癌症中存活下来。目前研究人员正在计划进行一系列的人类临床试验来更好地理解酮咯酸如何在卵巢癌术后女性机体发挥作用。（转化医学网360zhyx.com）
  以上为转化医学网原创翻译整理，转载请注明出处和链接！
转化医学网推荐的原文摘要：

A novel pharmacologic activity of ketorolac for therapeutic benefit in ovarian cancer patients.
Clinical Cancer Research    doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-0461
Yuna Guo1, Shelby R Kenney Jr2,*, Linda S. Cook3, Sarah F Adams4, Teresa Rutledge5, Elsa Romero6, Tudor Oprea7, Larry A. Sklar8, Edward Bedrick9, Charles L Wiggins10, Huining Kang3, Lesley Lomo11, Carolyn Y. Muller12, Angela Wandinger-Ness6, and Laurie G Hudson13
PURPOSE: We previously identified the R-enantiomer of ketorolac as an inhibitor of the Rho-family GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42. Rac1 and Cdc42 regulate cancer-relevant functions including cytoskeleton remodeling necessary for tumor cell adhesion and migration. This study investigated whether administration of racemic (R,S) ketorolac after ovarian cancer surgery leads to peritoneal distribution of R-ketorolac, target GTPase inhibition in cells retrieved from the peritoneal cavity, and measureable impact on patient outcomes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Eligible patients had suspected advanced stage ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer. Secondary eligibility was met when ovarian cancer was confirmed and optimally debulked, an intraperitoneal port was placed, and there were no contraindications for ketorolac administration. R- and S-ketorolac were measured in serum and peritoneal fluid, and GTPase activity was measured in peritoneal cells. A retrospective study correlated peri-operative ketorolac and ovarian cancer-specific survival in ovarian cancer cases. RESULTS: Elevated expression and activity of Rac1 and Cdc42 was detected in ovarian cancer patient tissues, confirming target relevance. Ketorolac in peritoneal fluids was enriched in the R-enantiomer and peritoneal cell GTPase activity was inhibited after ketorolac administration when R-ketorolac was at peak levels. After adjusting for age, AJCC stage, completion of chemotherapy, and neo-adjuvant therapy, women given peri-operative ketorolac had a lower hazard of death (Hazard Ratio=0.30 [95%CI 0.11-0.88]). CONCLUSION: Ketorolac has a novel pharmacologic activity conferred by the R-enantiomer and R-ketorolac achieves sufficient levels in the peritoneal cavity to inhibit Rac1 and Cdc42, potentially contributing to the observed survival benefit in women who received ketorolac.