喝葡萄酒抑制癌症，看专家怎么说？

  近日，刊登于国际杂志Science Translational Medicine上的一篇研究论文中，来自英国癌症研究中心的研究人员通过研究表示，红葡萄中一种名为白藜芦醇的化合物，相比较高剂量使用而言，较低剂量的使用时就可以有效抑制小鼠的肠癌发生。

  此前研究者观察了高剂量纯化的白藜芦醇抑制癌症的潜力，而本文研究中研究者首次观察到了低剂量白藜芦醇对癌症的作用，这种低剂量相当于一瓶250mL红酒中所含的白藜芦醇的量，文章中研究者将低剂量的白藜芦醇同200倍该剂量的白藜芦醇进行比较。结果发现，低剂量白藜芦醇作用肠癌小鼠可以明显降低50%的肿瘤尺寸，而高剂量作用仅可以降低25%的肿瘤尺寸。
  随后研究者对来自肠癌病人机体的肿瘤样本进行研究，研究者对样本进行多种不同剂量白藜芦醇的治疗，结果发现，当白藜芦醇在较低剂量的情况下仍然可以进入到癌细胞同时可以潜在地影响肿瘤生长的过程。白藜芦醇是一种葡萄皮及其它植物中特有的天然化合物，实验室研究结果表明其或许具有抗癌特性，尽管来自人类的临床试验结果参半。
  本文研究为揭示纯化的白藜芦醇抑制癌症的角色奠定了一定基础，但其或许仅对特殊遗传组成、饮食及生活方式的病人有效；但这并不意味着喝红酒就可以减少癌症风险，因为饮酒也会增加个体的患病风险。研究者Karen Brown说道，本文研究中我们首次观察到了少量的白藜芦醇或许效用更大；低价量相比高剂量的白藜芦醇可以更加有效地抑制肿瘤的进展。
  这项研究并不是告诉读者，喝红酒就可以降低癌症风险，因为我们并不能从红酒中分离得到白藜芦醇，而癌症风险的增加同时也和酒精的过度摄入有关。后期研究者仍然需要更多的研究来揭示白藜芦醇抑制肠癌的分子机制。（转化医学网360zhyx.com）
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转化医学网推荐的原文摘要：

Cancer chemoprevention: Evidence of a nonlinear dose response for the protective effects of resveratrol in humans and mice

Resveratrol, a chemical found in red grapes, is more effective in smaller doses at preventing bowel cancer in mice than high doses, according to new research published today in the journal Science Translational Medicine.

Previous research looked at high doses of purified resveratrol to study its potential to prevent cancer. This is the first study to look at the effects of a lower daily dose - equivalent to the amount of resveratrol found in one large (approx. 250ml) glass of red wine - comparing it with a dose 200 times higher.

Results from bowel cancer-prone mice given the smaller dose showed a 50 per cent reduction in tumour size while the high dose showed a 25 per cent reduction. Lower doses of resveratrol were twice as effective as the higher dose in stopping tumours growing, although this effect was only seen in animals fed a high-fat diet.

Samples of tumours from bowel cancer patients given different doses of resveratrol showed that even lower doses can get into cancer cells and potentially affect processes involved in tumour growth.

Resveratrol is a naturally-occurring chemical found in grape skins and other plants. Laboratory studies have suggested that it may have anti-cancer properties, although results from human trials have been mixed.

This study opens up new avenues for the role of purified resveratrol in preventing cancer, but suggests that it may only be effective for people with a specific genetic make-up, particular diets and lifestyles......