控制9种风险因子或是降低阿尔兹海默氏症患病风险的关键

  近日发表在国际杂志Journal of Alzheimer's Disease上的一项研究报道中，来自国外的研究人员表示，全世界大约有三分之二的阿尔兹海默氏症患者发病都归因于9种不同的状况，而这些状况都源于对生活方式选择的不同。
  这9种状况包括：肥胖（尤其是体重指数较高）、颈动脉疾病（斑块沉积会使得颈动脉狭窄，并且减缓大脑中的血液供给）、高血压、抑郁症、机体虚弱、教育程度低、机体含有高水平的高半胱氨酸、吸烟或者2型糖尿病。减少或者消除上述状况或可帮助降低个体患阿尔兹海默氏症的风险，这种疾病是一种大脑神经变性疾病，其会影响个体的记忆力及思考能力。
  文章中，研究者Jin-Tai Yu表示，当前的研究证据表明个体或许会因对这9种风险因子的改善而获益；而本文中研究者看到的只是一种关联，而并不是一种风险因子和个体患阿尔兹海默氏症的因果关系，这就意味着或许可以通过消除任何一种风险因素来保护机体抵御阿尔兹海默氏症。
  研究者对发表在1968年至2014年间的323项研究进行了回顾性分析，这些研究中涵盖了对5000多名个体进行研究，并且分析了93种情况对个体患阿尔兹海默氏症的影响；最终研究者确定了哪些风险因子或许帮助机体抵御阿尔兹海默氏症，有强烈的证据表明咖啡、维生素C、E、叶酸、抗炎性药物、他汀类药物、降血压药物及雌激素补充剂可以降低个体患阿尔兹海默氏症的风险。
  研究者Porsteinsson说道，健康的生活方式或许是帮助抵御阿尔兹海默氏症的有效措施，关注血压及胆固醇水平，同健康锻炼一样有效且有益，而对其它因子进行研究或许也会改善患病风险，但这并不意味着利用单一的方法就可以减少患病风险，大量的临床试验都观察了个体的行为矫正，而这或许也是降低患病风险的方法。
  最后研究者表示，因此降低患阿尔兹海默氏症的风险可能并不是服用一粒药丸或单一药物的补充剂就可以发挥作用的，而是需要结合多种因素来综合考虑，从而干扰一定的发病因素才可以达到有效抑制个体患阿尔兹海默氏症的风险。（转化医学网360zhyx.com）
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Nine factors you can control may be key to Alzheimer's risk
Up to two-thirds of Alzheimer's cases worldwide may stem from any of nine conditions that often result from lifestyle choices, a broad research review suggests.
Those include obesity (specifically, high body mass index, an indication of obesity, in midlife); carotid artery disease, in which plaque buildup narrows major neck arteries and slows blood supply to the brain; high blood pressure; depression; being frail; being poorly educated; having high levels of a naturally occurring amino acid known as homocysteine; and (specifically among those of Asian descent) being a smoker and/or having either type 2 diabetes.
The implication: Taking steps to minimize or eliminate such conditions might reduce the long-term risk for developing Alzheimer's, a brain disorder that affects memory and thinking. It is the most common form of dementia among seniors.
"The current evidence from our study showed that individuals would benefit from [addressing] the related potentially modifiable risk factors," said study lead author Dr. Jin-Tai Yu, an associate specialist in neurology at the University of California, San Francisco, and senior editor of the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.
But Yu cautioned that "what is what is seen here is an association rather than a direct cause-and-effect relationship between any one factor and Alzheimer's risk." And that, he said, means it's impossible to determine exactly how much protection against Alzheimer's would be gained by the elimination of any one condition.
Yu and his colleagues discuss their findings in the Aug. 20 online issue of the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.
In all, investigators reviewed the findings of 323 studies completed between 1968 and 2014. Collectively, the studies involved more than 5,000 patients and looked at 93 conditions with the potential to affect Alzheimer's risk.....